English - Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: läst, IPA^(key): /lɑːst/
• Rhymes: -ɑːst
• (GA) enPR: lăst, IPA^(key): /læst/
• Rhymes: -æst
• (Northern England) IPA^(key): /last/
• Rhymes: -ast
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /ɫast/
• Rhymes: -ast

English - Etymology 1

From Middle English last, latst, syncopated variant of latest, from Old English latost, latest, lætest, superlative of læt, whence English late.

Adjective

last (not comparable)

1. Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.

   “Eyes Wide Shut” was the last film to be directed by Stanley Kubrick.

2. Most recent, latest, last so far.

   The last time I saw him, he was married.

   I have received your note dated the 17th last, and am responding to say that […] .   (archaic usage)

3. Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.

   He is the last person to be accused of theft.

   The last person I want to meet is Helen.

   More rain is the last thing we need right now.

4. Being the only one remaining of its class.

   Japan is the last empire.

5. Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
   • R. Hall

     Contending for principles of the last importance.

6. Lowest in rank or degree.

   the last prize

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Alexander Pope to this entry?)

Synonyms

• (final): at the end, caboose, final, tail end, terminal, ultimate
• (most recent): latest, most recent

Derived terms

• last word
• nice guys finish last

Translations

Determiner

last

1. The (one) immediately before the present.

   Last night the moon was full.

   We went there last year.

   Last Tuesday was Hallowe'en.

   (Discuss⁽⁺⁾ this sense) Last time we talked about this was in January.

2. (of a day of the week) Closest to seven days (one week) ago.

   It's Wednesday, and the party was last Tuesday; that is, not yesterday, but eight days ago.

Usage notes

• (both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.

Translations

Adverb

last (not comparable)

1. Most recently.

   When we last met, he was based in Toronto.

   • Shakespeare

     How long is't now since last yourself and I / Were in a mask?

2. (sequence) after everything else; finally

   I'll go last.

   last but not least

   • Dryden

     Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, / Adores; and, last, the thing adored desires.

Synonyms

• finally
• lastly

Translations

English - Etymology 2

From Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijaną. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).

Verb

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
2. (intransitive) To endure, continue over time.

   Summer seems to last longer each year.

   They seem happy now, but that won't last long.

   • 1915, Mrs. Belloc Lowndes, The Lodger, chapter I:

     Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].

3. (intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.

   I don't know how much longer we can last without reinforcements.

Synonyms

• continue
• endure
• survive

Antonyms

• disintegrate
• dissipate
• fall apart
• wear out

Related terms

• everlasting
• lasting

Translations

English - Etymology 3

Old English læste.

Noun

Wikipedia

last (plural lasts)

1. a tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes
   • 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,

     How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.

Derived terms

• cobbler, keep to your last

Translations

Verb

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

1. To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.

   to last a boot

English - Etymology 4

From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.

Noun

last (plural lasts)

1. (obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
2. (obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
   • 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, p. 114:

     Now we so quietly followed our businesse, that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes [...].

   • 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 1, page 169,

     The last of wool is twelve sacks.

3. (obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
   • 1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,

     The tonnage of the Duyfken of Harmensz's fleet is given as 25 and 30 lasten.

4. A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.

Translations

Statistics

English - Anagrams

• lats
• salt
• slat

Danish - Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /last/, [lasd̥]

Danish - Etymology 1

From Middle Low German last.

Noun

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

1. cargo
2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
3. weight, burden

Inflection

Synonyms

• (cargo): ladning
• (hold): lastrum

Danish - Etymology 2

From Old Norse lǫstr

Noun

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

1. vice

Inflection

Danish - Etymology 3

See laste (“to load, carry”) and laste (“to blame”).

Verb

last

1. imperative of laste

Danish - External Links

• Last on the Danish Wikipedia.da.Wikipedia

Dutch - Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hlastiz, from *hlaþ- (stem of *hlaþaną, Dutch laden) + *-tiz.

Dutch - Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɑst

Dutch - Noun

last m (plural lasten, diminutive lastje n)

1. expense
2. load, burden
3. hindrance, problem
4. (dated) A measure of volume, 3 cubic meter

Derived terms

• belasten
• belasting
• last hebben van
• lastpost
• vaste last

Dutch - Verb

last

1. second- and third-person singular present indicative of lassen
2. (archaic) plural imperative of lassen

Dutch - Anagrams

• stal

Estonian - Noun

last

1. Partitive singular form of laps.

German - Verb

last

1. Second-person singular preterite of lesen.
2. Second-person plural preterite of lesen.

Norwegian Bokmål - Etymology 1

From Middle Low German last

Noun

last f, m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster, definite plural lastene)

1. a load or cargo

Derived terms

• lastebil
• nyttelast

Norwegian Bokmål - Etymology 2

Verb

last

1. imperative of laste

Norwegian Bokmål - References

• “last” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk - Etymology

From Middle Low German last

Norwegian Nynorsk - Noun

last f, m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster or lastar, definite plural lastene or lastane)

1. a load or cargo

Derived terms

• lastebil
• nyttelast

Norwegian Nynorsk - References

• “last” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English - Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *laistaz, along with the feminine variant lǣst. Cognate with Middle Dutch leest (Dutch leest), Old High German leist (German Leist), Old Norse leist-r (“foot, sock”) (Swedish läst, Danish läst).

Old English - Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /laːst/

Old English - Noun

lāst m (nominative plural lāstas)

1. footstep, track

Related terms

• lǣstan

Slovene - Etymology

Proto-Slavic *volstь.

Slovene - Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈláːst/
• Tonal orthography: lȃst

Slovene - Noun

lást f (genitive lastí, uncountable)

1. property

Declension

Swedish - Noun

last c

1. cargo
2. load; a burden
3. load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
4. (engineering) load; a force on a structure
5. (electical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
6. habit which is difficult to get rid of, vice

   Rökning var hans enda last

Declension

See also

• (cargo): lasta, lastbil
• (habit): vana, ovana

قافية